MARQUETTE,
Jacques, French missionary, born in Laon, France, in 1637; died near
Marquette river, Mich., 18 May, 1675. He entered the Society of Jesus at the age
of seventeen, and was ordained priest in 1666. He sailed for Canada the same
year, landed at Quebec on 20 September, and on 10 Oct. went to Three Rivers, where
he spent eighteen months studying the Algonquin and Huron languages under
Gabriel Druilletes (q. v.).
In 1668 he was ordered to return to Quebec and
prepare for the Ottawa mission, and while awaiting the Ottawa flotilla at
Montreal met a party of Nez-Percds, with whom he went to Lake Superior and
founded the mission of Sault Sainte Marie. After building a church and
converting a large number of Indians, he was directed to proceed to La Pointe du
Saint Esprit, where he arrived on 13 Sept., 1669. He was stationed at the head
of Ashland bay till 1671, when he was obliged to fly with the Huron part of his
flock, on account of the hostility of the Sioux, to Mackinaw, where he founded
the mission of St. Ignatius and built a church.
Here Louis Joliet came
in 1673 with orders from Frontenae, governor of Canada, to take Marquette as
companion
and guide on his expedition of discovery. Marquette had already heard of
Mississippi river from the Illinois Indians that came to La Pointe. He now spent
the winter in making the necessary preparations, drew up a rude map of the river
from information that he received from the Indians, and carefully entered facts
of any value in his notebook. “We took all possible precautions,” he
says, “that, if our enterprise was hazardous, it should not be rash.”
Marquette and Joliet set out on 17 May in two canoes that soon reached Green
Bay. The story of the voyage and discovery is related by Marquette in his
“Voyage et deeouverte de quelques pays et nations de l’AmSrique
Septentrion Me,” a translation of which is given in Shea’s “Discovery and
Exploration of the Mississippi” (New York, 1852). The narrative is remarkable
for charm of style as well as close observation and fine descriptive ability. He
had a keen and scientific eye for all the natural features of the river. He
returned to Green Bay in September and remained there until October, 1674. The
hardships that he endured had broken his constitution, but he sent to his
superior the journal of his voyage down the Mississippi, and awaited orders.
Being commanded to establish a mission in Illinois, he set out for Kaskaskia
on 25 October, and, overtaking a party of Pottawattamie and Illinois Indians,
journeyed with them southward along the western shore of Lake Michigan.
Marquette reached Chicago river in December, and found himself too exhausted to
proceed farther. The Illinois left him to go to their village, but two Frenchmen
remained with him and built a log hut, the first human dwelling-place on the
site of what is now the city of Chicago. On 26 Jan., 1675, three Illinois
Indians brought him presents from the chiefs of the tribe, and he promised to
make every effort to reach their village. Notwithstanding his sufferings, he
spent the long winter in prayer, meditation, and retreat, and said mass every
day. Some time afterward he recovered sufficiently to resume his journey.
JACQUES MARQUETTE
JACQUES MARQUETTE. Jacques Marquette est un jésuite missionnaire né à Laon en
France, en 1637, et décédé en territoire illinois au Michigan, en 1675. Il
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